Speeches are like flowers, or sonnets, for the most part – a moment’s monument.  With a few exceptions, they are temporary, aimed at a moment, or a movement, or a situation that calls for public comment right now.  When you study speeches from previous eras, you find that almost always a good deal of explication is required to understand the context and the topical references.  Those same topical references that seem so lively and witty in the moment become dated over time.

To be sure, a speech like the Reverend Martin Luther King’s “I Have a Dream” has considerable timeless appeal, but most of us aim for something a little more ephemeral whether we’re aware of it or not.  We’re exploring the current wisdom on a topic we’re expert in, or persuading an audience of a position on an issue of the day, or inspiring a group of employees to greatness with a bit of our own story and a bit of theirs.

A speech that does any of those things is certainly all it should be.  But if you aspire to something more, then there are four universal human themes that you might touch upon in order to reach beyond the moment, and the momentary issue, to the sublime.  They are: (1) resolving our human inner conflicts, (2) addressing our need to contribute to others, (3) illuminating some aspect of the meaning of our lives, and (4) embracing a deeper philosophical or religious question.  Touch upon one of these, and your speech is already reaching for the ages.  Cover at least two of them, and you are in MLK territory.

For the first theme, resolving human (inner) conflict, motivational speeches can often fill the bill.  We want to be better, we want to find inspiration to overcome our natural disinclination to push ourselves, whether in work or life, we want to lose weight, start running regularly, achieve more, slay our inner demons and find peace.  A great speech can help us do one or more of those things by showing what other humans (usually including at least the speaker) are capable of doing when they push themselves.

The second theme takes us out of ourselves and shows us how to help others.  We humans naturally yearn to step outside of our own petty issues and bring enlightenment, wisdom or solace to others, get lost in a great cause, or do something similarly heroic.  We are a communal species, as I’ve argued frequently, and we want to be part of something larger than ourselves.

The third theme opens our eyes up to some meaning that we haven’t fully understood or way of relating to others or the world that we haven’t fully grasped.  Great systemic thinkers do this by showing us how some part of human experience is organized or explicable in a way we haven’t appreciated before.

The final theme taps into the religious or philosophical underpinnings of life, whether by embracing some rituals or explaining its meaning in terms that are fresh for the current era. Great preachers fall into this category, as well as the rare political orator who can see beyond the current moment or advantage to something more timeless.

Do you have what it takes to achieve oratorical greatness?  The way forward is clear, more than a little perilous, and open to anyone with sufficient courage.  Help us with our demons, show us how to help each other, tell us what our crazy current moment means, or give us a timeless truth, and your speech can be one for the ages.