Thomas mboa opencon2017
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The neocolonial face of Open access
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Thomas mboa opencon2017
- 1. THOMAS MBOA, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL/APSOHA THOMASMBOA@GMAIL.COM FLORENCE PIRON, UNIVERSITÉ LAVAL/APSOHA FLOPIR08@GMAIL.COM COLLECTIF SOHA, EQUIPE@PROJETSOHA.ORG The (unconsciuous?) neocolonial face of Open access: Dynamics of power in Francophone African universities SOHA project evidences on: obstacles to the adoption of Open Science in Haiti and Africa Panel on Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Open Research and Education Berlin 11 – 13 november 2017
- 2. PROJET SOHA Since March 2015, The SOHA project (Open Science in Haiti and Francophone Africa) has been exploring obstacles to the adoption of open and collaborative science in universities located in Haiti and Francophone Africa, while providing tools to overcome these obstacles.
- 3. WHERE THE ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE IS COMING FROM? Thanks for this great job Alperin, the situation has not changed until now… French Africa contributes under 1% in what Guédon call the « big scientific conversation »
- 4. THE WORLD-SYSTEM OF ACADEMIC KNOWLEDGE Trading Unit Scientific publication « centre » of the power - Big publishers - US, UK, Australian Universities Semi-periphery - Many european universities - China, Brazil, South Africa,,, Periphery Invisible publications Wallerstein theory (1996) on the restructuration of capitalism was adapted in academic knowledge by Piron et al. (2017)
- 5. INVISIBILITY OF AFRICAN RESEARCH IN THE WORLD-SYSTEM? • Language? • The great part of research are still present only as physical documentation; • Absence of IR • All local journals are not indexed by the WoS and… • African researchers are publishing in Western and English journals (they are looking for a great IF);
- 6. OPEN ACCESS AS A VEHICLE OF DOMINATION - Standards, best practices and challenges about Open Access are globalised and mainly aligned to Western issues; - The global strategy of OA is written in/for Western context; - OA is not the priority of African leaders. Thus many African OA initiatives are funded by Western programs; - The important part of documents in OA are coming from the Centre and Semi-periphery; bringing the western ideology in Africa research;
- 7. CONSEQUENCES OF THE WESTERN DOMINATION - Cognitive injustice : Epistemic Alienation - We don’t think locally; we are thinking with Western lens « empêchent les chercheurs et les chercheuses d’Afrique de déployer pleinement leurs capacités de recherche au service du développement local durable de leur pays (voir Piron et al., 2016a) ».
- 8. CONSEQUENCES OF THE WESTERN DOMINATION - Western authors and documents are idealised and preferred to those from Africa. « Les conséquences qui en découlent sont, notamment, les enseignants des pays des Suds qui ne citent et ne lisent que des auteurs venus du Nord et les imposent à leurs étudiants et les bibliothèques de nos universités qui font tout pour s’abonner aux revues savantes occidentales alors qu’elles ne traitent pas de nos problèmes. (Mboa Nkoudou, 2016) »
- 9. CONSEQUENCES OF THE WESTERN DOMINATION - OA Challenges are not ours, but for those of funders and particularly, aligned to Western organisations promoting OA « la recherche scientifique postcoloniale reste fondamentalement extravertie : tournée vers l’extérieur, organisée pour répondre à une demande (théorique, scientifique, économique, etc.) qui vient du Centre du marché mondial. [Cette dépendance s’étend] aux équipements, à la documentation, aux paradigmes scientifiques produits au Centre. » P. Hountondji (2001, p. 4)
- 10. CONCLUSION: 2 POINTS FOR THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY 1- Domination is driven and maintained by international policies 2- Power of money - Who is funding OA now? Is it for a common good or a capitalistic matter? - International standards are framed to keep capitalistic interest or to make knowledge a common by default. Devils are became angels….devils and angels are walking together….this situation is profitable to who?
- 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY Florence Piron, Samuel Regulus et Marie Sophie Dibounje Madiba (dir.) Justice cognitive, libre accès et savoirs locaux. Pour une science ouverte juste, au service du développement local durable, Éditions science et bien commun, Québec, 2016. Immanuel Wallerstein, « Restructuration capitaliste et le système- monde », Agone, 1996, p. 207–33. Florence Piron, Samuel Regulus et Marie Sophie Dibounje Madiba (dir.) Justice cognitive, libre accès et savoirs locaux. Pour une science ouverte juste, au service du développement local durable, Éditions science et bien commun, Québec, 2016. Juan Pablo Alperin, « World Scaled by Number of Documents in Web of Science by Authors Living There », 2013. Paulin J. Hountondji, « Le savoir mondialisé : déséquilibres et enjeux actuels », La Mondialisation vue d’Afrique, Université de Nantes/Maison Des Sciences de l’Homme Guépin, 2001.