Wordcloud Web App In 40 Lines of R
R is having quite the growth spurt these days. This popularity may seem peculiar given its statistical roots. However, through the amazing work of Hadley Wickham, and the entire R Studio team, this is changing. One example of this newfound power is being able to write crisp web apps in a laughably minuscule amount of code. In this piece, I’ll walk through how to create a simple wordcloud web app above using just R! No Javascript, HTML or CSS whatsoever.
Up & Running
The pathway to Hello World is straightforward. You’ll need to install R. For Mac users the simplest way is Homebrew. If not, you can always get it from CRAN. You get an R console by simply typing R at your terminal of choice.
Next, you’ll want to create a file called app.R with the code below. The main driver behind everything we will be doing is an R package called Shiny. What exactly is this magical package?
Shiny is an open source R package that provides an elegant and powerful web framework for building web applications using R. Shiny helps you turn your analyses into interactive web applications without requiring HTML, CSS, or JavaScript knowledge.
Once you’ve done that. You can run the app by invoking R and typing:
library(shiny)
shiny::runApp()Pretty easy right? Welp, that’s only the beginning.
- Shiny applications are automatically “live” in the same way that spreadsheets are live. Outputs change instantly as users modify inputs, without requiring a reload of the browser.
- Shiny user interfaces can be built entirely using R, or can be written directly in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for more flexibility.
- Works in any R environment (Console R, Rgui for Windows or Mac, ESS, StatET, RStudio, etc.)
- Attractive default UI theme based on Twitter Bootstrap.
- A highly customizable slider widget with built-in support for animation.
- Pre-built output widgets for displaying plots, tables, and printed output of R objects.
- Fast bidirectional communication between the web browser and R using the websockets package.
- Uses a reactive programming model that eliminates messy event handling code, so you can focus on the code that really matters.
At this point, we’ve got our project off the ground. The next step is to add in the sidebar, sliders and set up our main panel.
Even though some of the syntax is new it’s fairly straightforward. We defined our page style with fluidPage, which allows for us to tap into Bootstrap’s grid system. Then, we set up our sidebar. Next we set up two sliderInputs. This will allow for the user to change values in our wordcloud, which will be reflected instantly in our cloud. This focus on inputs and the subsequent changes from them lies at the heart of Shiny. The methodology underlying this process is reactivity.
For the most part, reactivity falls outside of the scope of this article, but I’ll provide a quick overview from the good folks over at RStudio.
The Shiny web framework is fundamentally about making it easy to wire up input values from a web page, making them easily available to you in R, and have the results of your R code be written as output values back out to the web page.
input values => R code => output valuesSince Shiny web apps are interactive, the input values can change at any time, and the output values need to be updated immediately to reflect those changes.
Shiny comes with a reactive programming library that you will use to structure your application logic. By using this library, changing input values will naturally cause the right parts of your R code to be reexecuted, which will in turn cause any changed outputs to be updated.
We’ve completed all the code we’ll need for the UI for this app. Now, we’ll focus on the server side. The following syntax will look absolutely alien if you’re new to R and the Tidyverse, but bear with me. It’s easier than it appears.
And believe it or not, that’s it. You’ll need to declare what libraries you’re using if you try to run this locally. You can find the final code for this walkthrough here.
This walkthrough was by no means exhaustive. Shiny has a lot to offer, with a seemingly endless toolbox. You can write custom HTML and CSS if you want. Plus, packages like ShinyJS will give more experienced devs a chance to really let their apps shine by tapping into Javascript.
Hopefully, this brief overview reveals how easy + fun working with R and Shiny is. It can be really great for internal tooling around models or data viz. Definitely worth a weekend hack session. You can see a gallery of examples on RStudio to get some inspiration.
If you’re looking for a more in-depth tutorial this one by Dean Attali is a great place to start!
