WASHINGTON — William F. Brown, an author and illustrator who was best known for writing the book of the Tony Award-winning 1975 musical ‘‘The Wiz,’’ died June 23 at a hospital in Norwalk, Conn. He was 91.
A granddaughter, Sara Fitzpatrick, confirmed the death but did not cite a precise cause. Mr. Brown began his career producing advertising for television before branching out as a freelance writer, playwright, and, for several years, the co-creator of a syndicated comic strip.
A versatile and all-purpose writer, Mr. Brown published humor books, wrote for musical revues and contributed jokes and skits to television shows. He wrote and illustrated a comedic book, ‘‘The Girl in the Freudian Slip,’’ in 1959, then repurposed the title for his first Broadway play, a comedy about a lecherous psychoanalyst, which ran for three days in 1967.
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Over the years, Mr. Brown also wrote for dozens of commercial projects, sometimes collaborating with Ken Harper, a New York radio broadcaster.
Harper approached Mr. Brown with the idea of reworking ‘‘The Wizard of Oz’’ as a musical with an all-black cast. Mr. Brown placed the familiar story — originally set in Kansas — in an urban environment, with Dorothy as an African-American girl in New York City. Charlie Smalls composed a score built on upbeat rhythm-and-blues music.
During tryout performances in Baltimore, Detroit, and Philadelphia, the project was almost scrapped before Mr. Brown rewrote parts of the book, and director Geoffrey Holder revitalized the staging and costumes.
When ‘‘The Wiz’’ opened on Broadway in January 1975, reviews were tepid and expectations were low. But the sheer energy of the production proved irresistible, and the musical became a word-of-mouth sensation, playing to sold-out audiences for four years.
Mr. Brown was nominated for a Tony Award and won a Drama Desk Award for his writing. ‘‘The Wiz’’ claimed seven Tony Awards in 1975, including for best musical. Holder won Tonys for costume design and directing.
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‘‘Dorothy’s search for Oz,’’ Holder told the New York Times in 1975, ‘‘is a universal story of growing up. Everyone — black, red or green — goes through it; that rebellion, that confusion about what the world is like, all those fears, until they know that they can always go back and find it. What is it? That love they have at home, of course.’’
In 1978, it was adapted as a movie, directed by Sidney Lumet and starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow. Mr. Brown had no involvement with the film, which received poor reviews and was a box-office bomb.
‘‘I hated it,’’ he told the Connecticut Post in 2009. ‘‘They took all of the magic out of it.’’
Mr. Brown went to Hollywood to discuss ideas for the movie with the studio executives. ‘‘They said, ‘We’ll be in touch,’” he recalled, ‘‘but that was that.’’
William Ferdinand Brown was born April 16, 1928, in Jersey City. Among other jobs, his father was a financial adviser.
Mr. Brown was a 1950 graduate of Princeton University, where he wrote for the campus humor magazine. He worked for the old Look magazine and served in the Army before joining the Batten, Barton, Durstine & Osborn advertising agency as a television producer.
He left advertising in the mid-1950s to become a freelance writer and contributed to dozens of TV shows, including ‘‘Love, American Style’’ and programs hosted by Johnny Carson, Dean Martin, Jackie Gleason, and Merv Griffin.
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In 1968, Mr. Brown wrote the book for an off-Broadway musical, ‘‘How to Steal an Election,’’ which included a score by folk singer Oscar Brand. He also composed material for entertainers Joan Rivers and Joel Grey and in 1995 was the head writer for a large-scale musical event marking the dedication of the Korean War Memorial in Washington.
From 1972 to 1981, Mr. Brown had a syndicated comic strip with Mel Casson, originally called ‘‘Mixed Singles’’ and later ‘‘Boomer,’’ about the romantic misadventures of young people.
His marriage to Ann Distler ended in divorce. He leaves his wife, Tina Tippit of Westport, Conn., whom he married in 1981; two children from his first marriage, Debra Brown of Greenville, S.C., and William Todd Brown of Bennington, Vt.; eight grandchildren, and 10 great-grandchildren.