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Postnatal identification of Zika virus peptides from saliva

Date:
August 21, 2017
Source:
International & American Associations for Dental Research
Summary:
For the first time, researchers are using proteomics to examine proteins and peptides in saliva in order to accurately detect exposure to Zika virus. With 70 countries and territories reporting evidence of mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission, there is an increased need for a rapid and effective test for the virus. This study offers a new, quicker and more cost-effective way to test for the virus.
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For the first time, researchers are using proteomics to examine proteins and peptides in saliva in order to accurately detect exposure to Zika virus. With 70 countries and territories reporting evidence of mosquito-borne Zika virus transmission, there is an increased need for a rapid and effective test for the virus. This study, published online today in the Journal of Dental Research (JDR), offers a new, quicker and more cost-effect way to test for the virus.

By analyzing the saliva of a pregnant mother infected with Zika and her twins -- one born with microcephaly and one without -- the researchers were able to pinpoint the specific protein signature for Zika that is present in saliva, creating potential to use this signature as an effective way to screen for exposure. Walter Siqueira, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, Canada, and a team of international researchers also discovered important clues about how the virus passes from mother to baby and its role in the development of microcephaly, a birth defect in which a baby's head and brain is smaller than expected.

The research suggests a vertical transmission of the virus between mother and baby. The mutations in the amino acid sequence of the peptides that were different for each twin, suggesting that these mutations may play a role in whether or not a baby will develop microcephaly.

"We are very excited to publish findings that shed light on the transmission of Zika virus and present an innovative approach to assessing the presence of Zika virus," said JDR Editor-in-Chief William Giannobile. "This research has the potential to positively impact global health. By detecting the virus, the infected individuals can have their symptoms and the virus progression properly monitored, as well as take action to stop the spread of the virus which causes these devastating craniofacial defects in newborns."

Currently, the Centre for Disease Control and Prevention uses blood tests to look for changes to RNA in order to diagnose Zika. The drawback to this method is that it is only able to detect the virus up to five to seven days after exposure. Siqueira points out that because the proteins and the peptides that come directly from the virus are more stable than RNA, saliva proteomics can detect the virus far longer after exposure than with the traditional method. In this case, the window of detection was extended to nine months post-infection.

The findings also open new doors for the development of antibody-based diagnostic tests for point-of-care detection. The researchers have received a provisional U.S. patent to develop a simple device that can be used to identify the Zika virus peptides in saliva outside of the laboratory.


Story Source:

Materials provided by International & American Associations for Dental Research. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.


Journal Reference:

  1. D. Zuanazzi, E.J. Arts, P.K. Jorge, Y. Mulyar, R. Gibson, Y. Xiao, M. Bringel dos Santos, Maria Aparecida A. M. Machado, W.L. Siqueira. Postnatal Identification of Zika Virus Peptides from Saliva. Journal of Dental Research, 2017; 96 (10): 1078 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517723325

Cite This Page:

International & American Associations for Dental Research. "Postnatal identification of Zika virus peptides from saliva." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 21 August 2017. <www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170821154621.htm>.
International & American Associations for Dental Research. (2017, August 21). Postnatal identification of Zika virus peptides from saliva. ScienceDaily. Retrieved March 28, 2024 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170821154621.htm
International & American Associations for Dental Research. "Postnatal identification of Zika virus peptides from saliva." ScienceDaily. www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/08/170821154621.htm (accessed March 28, 2024).

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