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A version of this story first appeared in STAT Health Tech, our weekly newsletter about how tech is transforming health care and the life sciences. Sign up here to receive it in your inbox.

Behind the scenes of Google’s effort to build an AI system to screen patients for lung cancer is a long and tangled tale. A study the tech giant published Monday reported positive findings: The system outperformed radiologists in analyzing CT scans, significantly reducing false positives and finding more actual cancers (though more research is needed to show whether it would help patients live longer).

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But lest you think the AI revolution is now upon us — along with infallible lung cancer screening — consider the difficulty of wrangling the data needed to conduct the study.

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