Abstract
We have recently suggested “long-term memory” or internal long-range correlation within the time-series of land-surface air temperature (LSAT) anomalies in both hemispheres. For example, an increasing trend in the LSAT anomalies is followed by another one at a different time in a power-law fashion. However, our previous research was mainly focused on the overall long-term persistence, while in the present study, the upward and downward scaling dynamics of the LSAT anomalies are analysed, separately. Our results show that no significant fluctuation differences were found between the increments and decrements in LSAT anomalies, over the whole Earth and over each hemisphere, individually. On the contrary, the combination of land-surface air and sea-surface water temperature anomalies seemed to cause a departure from symmetry and the increments in the land and sea surface temperature anomalies appear to be more persistent than the decrements.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alvarez-Ramirez J, Rodriguez E, Carlos Echeverria J (2009) A DFA approach for as sessing asymmetric correlations. Physica A 388(12):2263–2270
Ausloos M, Ivanova K (2001) Power-law correlations in the southern–oscillation-index fluctuations characterizing El Nino. Phys Rev E. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.63.047201
Bunde A, Havlin S (2002) Power-law persistence in the atmosphere and in the oceans. Physica A 314(1–4):15–24
Cracknell AP, Varotsos CA (1995) The present status of the total ozone depletion over Greece and Scotland: a comparison between Mediterranean and more northerly latitudes. Int J Remote Sens 16(10):1751–1763
Cracknell AP, Varotsos CA (2007a) The IPCC fourth assessment report and the fiftieth anniversary of Sputnik. Environ Sci Pollut Res 14:384–387
Cracknell AP, Varotsos CA (2007b) Editorial and cover: fifty years after the first artificial satellite: from Sputnik 1 to ENVISAT. Int J Remote Sens 28(10):2071–2072
Cracknell AP, Varotsos CA (2011) New aspects of global climate-dynamics research and remote sensing. Int J Remote Sens 32(3):579–600
Efstathiou MN, Varotsos CA (2010) On the altitude dependence of the temperature scaling behaviour at the global troposphere. Int J Remote Sens 31(2):343–349
Efstathiou MN, Varotsos CA (2012) Intrinsic properties of Sahel precipitation anomalies and rainfall. Theor Appl Climatol 109(3–4):627–633
Efstathiou MN, Varotsos CA, Singh RP, Cracknell AP, Tzanis C (2003) On the longitude dependence of total ozone trends over middle-latitudes. Int J Remote Sens 24(6):1361–1367
Efstathiou MN, Tzanis C, Varotsos CA (2009) Long-term memory dynamics of total ozone content. Int J Remote Sens 30(15–16):3943–3950
Efstathiou MN, Tzanis C, Cracknell A, Varotsos CA (2011) New features of the land and sea surface temperature anomalies. Int J Remote Sens 32:3231–3238
Efstathiou M, Tzanis C, Varotsos C, Deligiorgi D (2012) The Gutenberg-Richter law for earthquakes in air pollution episodes: a case study for Athens, Greece. Acta Geophys 60(1):280–290
Franzke C (2012) Nonlinear trends, long-range dependence, and climate noise properties of surface temperature. J Clim 25:4172–4183. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00293.1
Grassl H (2011) Climate change challenges. Surv Geophys 32(4–5):319–328. doi:10.1007/s10712-011-9129-z
Kantelhardt JW, Zschiegner SA, Koscielny-Bunde E, Havlin S, Bunde A, Stanley HE (2002) Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis of nonstationary time series. Phys A 316:87–114
Kondratyev KY, Varotsos C (1995a) Atmospheric greenhouse effect in the context of global climate change. Il Nuovo Cimento C 18(2):123–151
Kondratyev KY, Varotsos CA (1995b) Atmospheric ozone variability in the context of global change. Int J Remote Sens 16(10):1851–1881
Kondratyev KY, Varotsos CA (1995c) Volcanic eruptions and global ozone dynamics. Int J Remote Sens 16(10):1887–1895
Kondratyev KY, Varotsos CA (2001) Global tropospheric ozone dynamics. Environ Sci Pollut Res 8(2):113–119
Kondratyev KY, Varotsos C (2002) Review article-remote sensing and global tropospheric ozone observed dynamics. Int J Remote Sens 23(1):159–178
Lovejoy S (2014) Return periods of global climate fluctuations and the pause. Geophys Res Lett 41:4704–4710. doi:10.1002/2014GL060478
Lovejoy S, Schertzer D (2013) The weather and climate: emergent laws and multifractal cascades. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p 496
Maraun D, Rust HW, Timmer J (2004) Tempting long-memory—on the interpretation of DFA results. Nonlinear Process Geophys 11:495–503
Monetti RA, Havlin S, Bunde A (2003) Long-term persistence in the sea surface temperature fluctuations. Physica A 320:581–589
Peng CK, Buldyrev SV, Havlin S, Simons M, Stanley HE, Goldberger AL (1994) Mosaic organization of DNA nucleotides. Phys Rev E 49(2):1685–1689
Rust HW (2007) Detection of long-range dependence—applications in climatology and hydrology. Ph.D. thesis, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
Tsekouras G, Koutsoyiannis D (2014) Stochastic analysis and simulation of hydrometeorological processes associated with wind and solar energy. Renew Energy 63:624–633
Tsonis A, Elsner J (1995) Testing for scaling in natural forms and observables. J Stat Phys 81:869–880
Tzanis C, Theodorakopoulou K, Theodorakopoulos P, Varotsos C (2010) Tsunamis among the natural disasters. Fresenius’ Environ Bull 19(8):1385–1403
Varotsos C (2005) Power-law correlations in column ozone over Antarctica. Int J Remote Sens 26(16):3333–3342
Varotsos CA (2013) The global signature of the ENSO and SST-like fields. Theor Appl Climatol 113(1–2):197–204
Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN (2013) Is there any long-term memory effect in the tropical cyclones? Theor Appl Climatol 114(3–4):643–650
Varotsos C, Kirk-Davidoff D (2006) Long-memory processes in ozone and temperature variations at the region 60 S–60 N. Atmos Chem Phys 6(12):4093–4100
Varotsos C, Ondov J, Efstathiou M (2005) Scaling properties of air pollution in Athens, Greece and Baltimore, Maryland. Atmos Environ 39(22):4041–4047
Varotsos C, Efstathiou M, Tzanis C (2009) Scaling behaviour of the global tropopause. Atmos Chem Phys 9(2):677–683
Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP (2013a) On the scaling effect in global surface air temperature anomalies. Atmos Chem Phys 13(10):5243–5253
Varotsos CA, Efstathiou MN, Cracknell AP (2013b) Plausible reasons for the inconsistencies between the modeled and observed temperatures in the tropical troposphere. Geophys Res Lett 40(18):4906–4910
Varotsos CA, Franzke CL, Efstathiou MN, Degermendzhi AG (2014) Evidence for two abrupt warming events of SST in the last century. Theor Appl Climatol 116(1–2):51–60
Weber RO, Talkner P (2001) Spectra and correlations of climate data from days to decades. J Geophys Res 106:20131–20144
Wiener N (1950) Extrapolation, interpolation and smoothing of stationary time series. MIT Technology Press and Wiley, New York
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Varotsos, C.A., Efstathiou, M.N. Symmetric scaling properties in global surface air temperature anomalies. Theor Appl Climatol 121, 767–773 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1274-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-014-1274-0