Abstract
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is an iatrogenic fibrosing disorder that primarily affects individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) following exposure to gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) during imaging procedures. NSF is characterised by skin thickening, tethering and hyperpigmentation; flexion contractures of joints; and extracutaneous fibrosis. This article reviews the history, clinical manifestations, epidemiology, histopathology and pathophysiology of this disabling disease.
Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Contracture / chemically induced
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Contrast Media / adverse effects*
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Contrast Media / chemistry
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Diagnosis, Differential
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Gadolinium / adverse effects*
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Gadolinium / chemistry
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Humans
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Hyperpigmentation / chemically induced
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Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / chemically induced*
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Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / complications
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Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / diagnosis
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Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / pathology
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Nephrogenic Fibrosing Dermopathy / therapy
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Renal Insufficiency, Chronic / complications*
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Risk Factors
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Skin / pathology
Substances
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Contrast Media
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Gadolinium