The State of Web API Languages in 2016
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This document summarizes the state of web API languages in 2016. It discusses how OpenAPI Specification (OAS), RAML, and API Blueprint are the main API description languages, with OAS having the strongest market traction and an upcoming 3.0 version. It also outlines maturity levels for API languages from describing API contracts to implementing and operating APIs. Finally, it discusses challenges around converging on common standards and integrating API design, testing, and operations workflows.
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The State of Web API Languages in 2016
- 1. The State of Web API Languages in 2016 Jerome Louvel, Chief Geek @jlouvel
- 2. © Restlet 2016 x © Restlet 2016 Jérôme LOUVEL About Jérôme LOUVEL • Founder, CTO & VP of Products at Restlet • Restlet Framework creator, first REST framework for Java (2004) • Contributor to “RESTful Web Services” (O’Reilly, 2007) • Member of JAX-RS 1.0 expert group (2007 - 2009) • Co-author of “Restlet in Action” (Manning, 2012) • InfoQ editor covering Web APIs (since 2014) • Board member of Open API Initiative @jlouvel
- 3. © Restlet 2016 x © Restlet 2016 • New API Use Cases • Continuous API Delivery • API Team Collaboration Why API Languages?
- 4. © Restlet 2016 API Use Cases API centric software Mobile app backend IoT backend Micro service Web app backend Social bot backend Partner API gateway Public API gateway Automated workflow
- 5. © Restlet 2016 Continuous API Delivery DEV API centric software QA OPS BIZ
- 6. © Restlet 2016 1 | Code-first & Provider driven Provider team Consumer teams API Impl SDK Client A SDK Client B ... ... 3 1 2
- 7. © Restlet 2016 2 | Contract-first & Provider driven Provider team Consumer teams Impl SDK Client A SDK Client B ... ... 2 1 Mock 2 API
- 8. © Restlet 2016 3 | Collaborative Contract-first Provider team Consumer teams Impl SDK Client A SDK Client B ... ... 2 1 Mock 2 API
- 9. © Restlet 2016 4 | Contract-first & Consumer Driven Provider team Consumer teams Impl SDK Client A SDK Client B ... ... 2 1 Mock 2 API Mock API Impl Mock API Impl ServicesData
- 10. © Restlet 2016 5 | Contract-first & Consumer Owned Provider team Consumer teams Impl SDK Client A SDK Client B ... ... 2 1 Mock 2 API Mock API Impl Mock API Impl Data Services
- 11. © Restlet 2016 API Team Collaboration API Team
- 12. © Restlet 2016 Impact on API development • New types of APIs - internal & external APIs - mini & micro APIs - experience APIs • Number of APIs increases - channels growth - history of versions - microservices pattern - quality of service • → Industrialization needed - automated workflows - better tooling - importance of API languages API Platform Micro APIs (domain data & logic) Mini APIs (domain services) Experience APIs (backends) User Interfaces (frontends) Public APIs (gateways) End-users Micro APIs (external SaaS) Partner devs
- 13. © Restlet 2016 x © Restlet 2016 • OAS • RAML • API Blueprint • Alternatives Which API Language?
- 14. © Restlet 2016 Current state • Version 2.0 widely adopted with strong tooling support (fka Swagger Spec) • Basis of contribution to the OpenAPI Initiative (OAI) • Strongest market traction Upcoming 3.0 version • Structural improvements • Request Parameters • Protocol and Payload • Documentation, Security, Path definitions • Release planned for first half of 2017 Learn more • https://www.openapis.org/blog • https://www.openapis.org/specification/repo • https://www.infoq.com/news/2016/01/tony-tam-oai-initiative-swagger • https://www.infoq.com/articles/open-api-initiative-update OpenAPI Specification (OAS)
- 15. © Restlet 2016 Content, Callbacks, Links, etc. Overview of changes in OAS 3.0
- 16. © Restlet 2016 Evolution of Swagger 2015 Specification donated Open source framework Commercial cloud tool
- 17. © Restlet 2016 Current state • Version 0.8 adopted with good tooling support • Good market traction, especially in larger enterprises • Strong support by MuleSoft, a well established software vendor Latest 1.0 version • Built-in data typing, examples, libraries, annotations, overlays and extensions • Stronger design and reusability capabilities than OAS • Tooling partially available but progressing Learn more • http://www.raml.org/ • https://github.com/raml-org/raml-spec/ • https://www.infoq.com/news/2016/08/raml-1.0-mulesoft RESTful API Modeling Language (RAML)
- 18. © Restlet 2016 Current state • Version 1A9 adopted with good tooling support • Good market traction, especially during by API design teams • Support by Apiary, an API startup Latest version • Built-in data typing based on Markdown → MSON • Still young compared to more mature schema languages such as JSON Schema • ABP creator, Zdenek Nemec, recently left Apiary → see his talk at APIdays on what’s next • Apiary is a member of OAI and also supports OAS in its tooling Learn more • https://apiblueprint.org/ • https://github.com/apiaryio/api-blueprint/ • https://www.infoq.com/news/2015/05/api-blueprint-progress API Blueprint
- 19. © Restlet 2016 • RAPID-ML - Created by RepreZen - Data/Domain-Driven API Modeling - RepreZen API Studio • Google API Discovery format - Supports Google Discovery Service - Not used elsewhere much - Google is a founding member of OAI and supports OAS • WADL - The pioneer, created by Sun Microsystems in 2005 - XML based alternative to WSDL - Still used in Apigee products for example Alternatives
- 20. © Restlet 2016 Languages are Abstraction Layers Hardware Assembly languages System languages Application languages Web API languages software level, drivers NASM / TASM OS level, high performance C / C++ / C# / Go productivity, portability, business logic Java / PHP / Visual Basic web scale, interoperability, integration, DSLs OAS / RAML / API Blueprint lowest level, machine code x86 / CISC / RISC / etc. 1st generation 2nd generation 3rd generation 4th generation 3rd generation
- 21. © Restlet 2016 Maturity levels of API Languages • 1) Describe API contract - endpoints, resources, operations, representations - enable the generation of: • client SDKs & server skeletons • documentation • test scenarios • mock servers • 2) Implement API - wrap regular applications written with classic languages - compose lower-level APIs into higher-level APIs - integration purpose at web scale • 3) Operate API - provide the infrastructure to deliver the API Lower level languages API delivery network
- 22. © Restlet 2016 x © Restlet 2016 • For Design • For Testing • Maturity levels API Language IDEs
- 23. © Restlet 2016 Design IDE - SmartBear SwaggerHub
- 24. © Restlet 2016 Design IDE - MuleSoft API Designer
- 25. © Restlet 2016 Design IDE - Apiary Editor
- 26. © Restlet 2016 Design IDE - Restlet Studio
- 27. © Restlet 2016 Design IDE - Restlet Studio
- 28. © Restlet 2016 Test IDE - Postman
- 29. © Restlet 2016 Test IDE - Paw
- 30. © Restlet 2016 Test IDE - Restlet Client (DHC)
- 31. © Restlet 2016 API Centric Software - Maturity Levels Level 4 Behavior driven Level 3 - Test driven (replace UI testing, blue green deployment) Level 2 - Contract driven (provider driven, collaborative, consumer driven) Level 1 - Implementation driven (code driven, data driven, service driven) API centric software is software
- 32. © Restlet 2016 Our API challenges ● 1 | Converge API languages ○ OpenAPI Initiative as standardization body ○ extend OAS with specialized languages (design, testing, operation) ○ move innovation to upper levels ○ accelerate tooling ecosystem ● 2 | Better API workflows ○ integrate API & DevOps tools ○ integrate Design & Test ○ integrate Design & Operate ○ Integrate Test & Operate → A whole new API Stack is emerging!
- 33. Thank you Q&A